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Cut the tops off of the garlic bulbs. Place them on a sheet of aluminum foil. Drizzle each bulb with 1 tablespoon of olive oil over the top. Wrap the garlic bulbs completely in the foil and place on a small baking sheet. Bake in the oven for 45 minutes.
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Toast the anise seeds in a naked frying pan.
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Whisk together the flour, salt, and 2 teaspoons of the anise seed and pour into a food processor.
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Cut the butter into pieces. Add the butter to the processor and pulse until the mixture resembles pea-sized lumps.
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Add the water one tablespoon at a time, pulsing, just until the mixture sticks together in dough form.
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Wrap the dough in plastic cling film and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
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Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease an flour a 10" tart pan.
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Roll out the pie dough into a circle on a floured work surface.
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Transfer to the pan and crimp the edges. Use a fork to poke some holes in the bottom of the crust.
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Place a layer of parchment paper inside the pan on top of the dough. Place pie weights on top of the pan. TIP: If you do not have pie weights, fit a smaller springform pan inside the tart pan on top of the crust.
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Place the pan in the oven and blind bake the crust for 20 minutes.
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Remove the garlic from the oven. Squeezed out the softened, roasted cloves and discard the rest.
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Peel and slice the onions.
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Heat 1 tablespoon of olive oil and the tablespoon of butter in a skillet. Add the red onion rings. When the onions begin to soften, add the remaining teaspoon of toasted anise seed and cook, stirring frequently until the onions become transparent. Sprinkle the sugar over the top and cook until caramelized.
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Stir in the roasted garlic, rosemary, and thyme. Cook for 2-3 more minutes, stirring.
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Add the water and the balsamic vinegar to the pan and cook, stirring occasionally until the liquid has dissolved.
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Season with kosher salt and freshly ground pepper to taste
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In a separate bowl, beat together the sour cream, cream cheese. Beat in the eggs. Season with kosher salt and freshly ground pepper to taste.
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Cut the goat cheese into pieces and evenly distribute them over the bottom of the tart.
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Spread the caramelized onions over the goat cheese.
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Pour the cream mixture over the top.
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Place the tart in the oven and bake for 40 minutes or until the tart starts to turn golden brown on the top.
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Remove from oven. Let cool for 10-15 minutes before slicing and serving.